Oracle数据库还原恢复后，执行alter database open resetlogs时遇到下面错误。如下所示：

SQL>?alter?database?open?resetlogs;
alter?database?open?resetlogs
*
ERROR?at?line?1:
ORA-00603:?ORACLE?server?session?terminated?by?fatal?error
ORA-01092:?ORACLE?instance?terminated.?Disconnection?forced
ORA-00704:?bootstrap?process?failure
ORA-00604:?error?occurred?at?recursive?SQL?level?1
ORA-00904:?"I"."UNUSABLEBEGINNING#":?invalid?identifier
Process?ID:?19288
Session?ID:?2?Serial?number:?4441

刚开始有点懵的，第一次遇到这种情形。不过搜索了一下metalink相关资料后，大致了解到是因为环境变量设置有误导致这些错误出现的。这里先介绍一下这个案例的复杂背景：

当前机器为一个测试服务器（UAT环境），操作系统版本为HP-UX，数据库版本Oracle 19c，然后因为Support人员要查找历史数据，需要还原一个2020年时间点的数据库备份。但是生产环境（PROD）在2020年是Oracle 11g，然后在2021年升级为了Oracle 19c，现在测试服务器（UAT环境）的数据库版本也是Oracle 19c，于是从其它测试服务器拷贝了一个Oracle 11g版本的挂载带点/opt/oracle11g到当前测试服务器（为了方便省事，如果重新安装搭建Oracle 11g环境还麻烦一些），然后设置了一下/etc/oratab,如下所示：（xxx表示ORACLE_SID）

#xxx:/opt/oracle19c/product/19.3.0/db_1:N
xxx:/opt/oracle11g/product/11.2:N

退出当前SecureCRT窗口，重新登陆，提示修改成功，如下所示

ORACLE_SID?=?[xxx]???xxx

Oracle?SID??=?xxx
Oracle?BASE?=?/opt/oracle11g
Oracle?HOME?=?/opt/oracle11g/product/11.2
SQL*Net?TNS?=?/etc
ORA_NLS10???=?/opt/oracle11g/product/11.2/nls/data

由于忙着检查/修改pfile文件中的参数，当时没有仔细检查环境变量，匆匆忙忙就开始了数据库实例的还原恢复，但是当前的和ORACLE_HOME环境变量确实还是Oracle 19c的环境变量

>echo?$ORACLE_BASE
/opt/oracle19c
>echo?$ORACLE_HOME
/opt/oracle19c/product/19.3.0/db_1

修改环境变量~/.profile后，执行. ~/.profile设置生效。然后重新登陆SecureCRT后，重新还原数据库就不会遇到这个问题。另外，如果不重新还原，关闭数据库后，重新OPEN数据库亦可以，测试没有什么问题。

官方文档Database Startup Failure After RMAN Restore with ORA-00704, ORA-00604, ORA-00904 (Doc ID 2540757.1)的具体内容如下：

APPLIES?TO:
Oracle?Database?-?Enterprise?Edition?-?Version?11.2.0.4?and?later
Information?in?this?document?applies?to?any?platform.

SYMPTOMS
?
SQL>?alter?database?open;
alter?database?open
*
ERROR?at?line?1:
ORA-01092:?ORACLE?instance?terminated.?Disconnection?forced
ORA-00704:?bootstrap?process?failure
ORA-00604:?error?occurred?at?recursive?SQL?level?2
ORA-00904:?"I"."UNUSABLEBEGINNING#":?invalid?identifier
Process?ID:?23346
Session?ID:?680?Serial?number:?51933

CHANGES

?After?restoring?the?database?to?another?server?by?RMAN,?it?is?failed?to?startup.
After?upgrade?or?post?upgrade

CAUSE

?>>>>>ORA-00904:?"I"."UNUSABLEBEGINNING#":?invalid?identifier
This?error?appears?due?to?using?the?incorrect?sqlplus?environment.?For?example.,?By?default?SQLPLUS?will?connect?to?the?default?ORACLE_HOME,?say?12C?Home?but?if?you?are?duplicating?the?11g?database?on?same?host?the?it?must?be?Oracle?11g?Environment?in?order?to?complete?the?process.
1?-?This?issue?happens?when?we?have?installed?multiple?Oracle?Homes?in?a?single?system.
2?-?We?need?to?make?sure?that?we?are?in?the?right?environment?when?we?are?restoring?it.

SOLUTION

You?need?to?set?all?the?required?Environment?Variables?first?as?per?your?need?like?ORACLE_SID,?ORACLE_BASE,?ORACLE_HOME,?TNS_ADMIN,?PATH?with?proper?values
(OR)
Simply?work?by?going?to?the?bin?directory?of?your?required?ORACLE_HOME
SET?ORACLE_HOME=Your_Oracle_Home
CD?ORACLE_HOME\bin
Even?if?you?set?all?the?environment?parameter?properly,?then?need?to?investigate?further?to?verify?the?rman?backup?set?which?used?to?restore?or?verify?the?upgrade?logs,?component,?dba_registry?etc.
Provide?the?details?requested?in?below?Notes?based?on?the?post?restore?or?post?upgrade
Note?1905616.1??SRDC?-?Startup?Issues:?Checklist?of?Evidence?to?Supply?(Doc?ID?1905616.1)
Note?1906468.1??SRDC?-?Startup?Shutdown?-?Oracle?Binary?and?OS?Resources:?Checklist?of?Evidence?to?Supply?(Doc?ID?1906468.1)
Note:1672387.1??SRDC?-?Data?Collection?for?Upgrade?Issues
Note?753041.1?How?to?Diagnose?Components?with?NON?VALID?Status?in?DBA_REGISTRY?after?an?Upgrade?(Doc?ID?753041.1)
Note?1965956.1??SRDC?-?Data?Collection?for?Datapatch?issues?(Doc?ID?1965956.1)
Note?1671416.1??SRDC?-?Required?diagnostic?data?collection?for?RMAN?Restore?and?Recover?Using?TFA?Collector?(Recommended)?or?Manual?Steps?(Doc?ID?1671416.1)

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